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Revolutionizing heat transport enhancement with liquid metals: Proposal of a new industry of water-freeheat exchangers

Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 20-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0139-9

摘要： Water is perhaps the most widely adopted working fluid in conventional industrial heat transport engineering. However, it may no longer be the best option today due to the increasing scarcity of water resources. Furthermore, the wide variations in water supply throughout the year and across different geographic regions also makes it harder to easily access. To address this issue, finding new alternatives to replace water-based technologies is imperative. In this paper, the concept of a water-free heat exchanger is proposed and comprehensively analyzed for the first time. The liquid metal with a low melting point is identified as an ideal fluid that can flexibly be used within a wide range of working temperatures. Some liquid metals and their alloys, which have previously received little attention in thermal management areas, are evaluated. With superior thermal conductivity, electromagnetic field drivability, and extremely low power consumption, liquid metal coolants promise many opportunities for revolutionizing modern heat transport processes: serving as heat transport fluid in industries, administrating thermal management in power and energy systems, and innovating enhanced cooling in electronic or optical devices. Furthermore, comparative analyses are conducted to understand the technical barriers encountered by advanced water-based heat transfer strategies and clarify this new frontier in heat-transport study. In addition, the unique merits of liquid metals that could lead to innovative heat exchanger technologies are evaluated comprehensively. A few promising industrial situations, such as heat recovery, chip cooling, thermoelectricity generation, and military applications, where liquid metals could play irreplaceable roles, were outlined. The technical challenges and scientific issues thus raised are summarized. With their evident ability to meet various critical requirements in modern advanced energy and power industries, liquid metal-enabled technologies are expected to usher a new and global era of water-free heat exchangers.

关键词： heat exchanger     liquid metal     water resource     heat transport enhancement     coolant     thermal management     process engineering     energy crisis     chip cooling    

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Exergy analysis and performance enhancement of isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump

Min XU, Jun CAI, Xiulan HUAI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 510-515 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0508-0

摘要： Exergy loss analysis was conducted to identify the irreversibility in each component of the isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump (IAH-CHP). The results indicate that the highest irreversibility on a system basis occurs in the distillation column. Moreover, the effect of operating parameters on thermodynamic performances of the IAH-CHP was studied and the optimal conditions were obtained. Finally, the potential methods to reduce the irreversibility of the IAH-CHP system were investigated. It is found that reactive distillation is apromising alternative. The enthalpy and exergy efficiency of the IAH-CHP with reactive distillation increases by 24.1% and 23.2%, respectively.

关键词： waste heat reuse     chemical heat pump     exergy analysis     isopropanol    

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Augmentation of natural convective heat transfer by acoustic cavitation

Jun CAI, Xiulan HUAI, Shiqiang LIANG, Xunfeng LI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 313-318 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0064-3

摘要： An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of acoustic cavitation on natural convective heat transfer from a horizontal circular tube. The experimental results indicated that heat transfer could be enhanced by acoustic cavitation and had the best effect when the head of the ultrasonic transducer was over the midpoint of the circular tube, and the distance between the head and the tube equaled 15 mm. The augmentation at low heat flux was better than that in the case of high heat flux. Based on experimental results, the correlation formula of Nusselt number for water was obtained.

关键词： heat transfer enhancement     augmentation     acoustic cavitation     acoustic streaming     convective heat transfer    

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Numerical investigation and analysis of heat transfer enhancement in channel by longitudinal vortex based

TAO Wenquan, WU Junmei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 71-78 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0001-x

摘要： 3-D numerical simulations were presented for laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular channel with vortex generators. The effects of Reynolds number (from 800 to 3 000), the attack angle of vortex generator (from 15° to 90°) and the shape of vortex generator were examined. The numerical results were analyzed based on the field synergy principle. It is found that the inherent mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex can be explained by the field synergy principle, that is, the second flow generated by vortex generators results in the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradient. The longitudinal vortex improves the field synergy of the large downstream region of longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) and the region near (LVG); however, transverse vortex only improves the synergy of the region near vortex generator. Thus, longitudinal vortex can enhance the integral heat transfer of the flow field, while transverse vortex can only enhance the local heat transfer. The synergy angle decreases with the increase of Reynolds number for the channel with LVG to differ from the result obtained from the plain channel, and the triangle winglet performs better than the rectanglar one under the same surface area condition.

关键词： inherent mechanism     integral     surface     rectanglar     longitudinal    

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Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

WU Junmei, TAO Wenquan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 365-369 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0055-1

摘要： Three-dimensional numerical simulation results are presented for a fin-and-tube heat transfer surface with vortex generators. The effects of the Reynolds number (from 800 to 2 000) and the attack angle (30º and 45º) of a delta winglet vortex generator are examined. The numerical results are analyzed on the basis of the field synergy principle to explain the inherent mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex. The secondary flow generated by the vortex generators causes the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradients. In addition, the computational evaluations indicate that the heat transfer enhancement of delta winglet pairs for an aligned tube bank fin-and-tube surface is more significant than that for a staggered tube bank fin-and-tube surface. The heat transfer enhancement of the delta winglet pairs with an attack angle of 45º is larger than that with an angle of 30º. The delta winglet pair with an attack angle of 45º leads to an increase in pressure drop, while the delta winglet pair with the 30º angle results in a slight decrease. The heat transfer enhancement under identical pumping power condition for the attack angle of 30º is larger than that for the attack angle of 45º either for staggered or for aligned tube bank arrangement.

关键词： computational     inherent mechanism     staggered     decrease     transfer surface    

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Numerical investigation on side heat transfer enhancement in 300 kA aluminum reduction cell

WANG Changhong, ZHU Dongsheng, LEI Junxi, ZHOU Jiemin

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 256-260 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0051-0

摘要： Industrial test and numerical simulation were synchronously applied to analyze the side heat transfer process and enhance heat transfer in aluminum reduction cell. The 3D slice finite element model of aluminum reduction cell was developed, with which the sidewall temperature field of the cell was computed by using software ANSYS. The main influencing factors on heat dissipation were analyzed and some effective measures were proposed to enhance sidewall heat transfer. The results show that the shell temperature of the test cell and the common cell is respectively 312°C and 318°C and the ledge thickness is 16 cm and 15 cm when side coefficient of heat transfer between the shell and the surroundings is 70 W/(mK). With the increase of the side coefficient of heat transfer between the shell and the surroundings, the temperature of the shell decreases but the thickness of the side ledge increases when the electrolytic temperature, the ambient temperature, the coefficient of heat transfer between molten bath and ledge, the eutectic temperature and the thermo-resistance of the side lining are constant.

关键词： constant     ambient temperature     thickness     electrolytic temperature     transfer process    

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Numerical simulation and experimental research on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics ofasymmetric plate heat exchangers

Shaozhi ZHANG, Xiao NIU, Yang LI, Guangming CHEN, Xiangguo XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 267-282 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0662-7

摘要： The asymmetric plate heat exchanger (APHE) has the possibility of achieving balanced pressure drops on both hot and cold sides for situations with unbalanced flow, which may in turn enhance the heat transfer. In this paper, the single-phase water flow and heat transfer of an APHE consisted of two types of plates are numerically (400≤ ≤12000) and experimentally (400≤ ≤3400) investigated. The numerical model is verified by the experimental results. Simulations are conducted to study the effects of , an asymmetric index proposed to describe the geometry of APHEs. The correlations of the Nusselt number and friction factor in the APHEs are determined by taking and working fluids into account. It is found that an optimal exists where the pressure drops are balanced and the heat transfer area reaches the minimum. The comparison between heat transfer and flow characteristics of the APHEs and the conventional plate heat exchanger (CPHE) is made under various flow rate ratios of the hot side and the cold side and different allowable pressure drops. The situations under which APHE may perform better are identified based on a comprehensive index .

关键词： plate heat exchanger     asymmetric     simulation     correlation     heat transfer enhancement    

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物料与窑壁间歇接触对回转窑传热过程的强化效应

雷先明,肖友刚

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第8期   页码 39-44

摘要：

根据回转窑内物料颗粒的运动特点，推导了颗粒团在贴壁运动过程中的非稳态导热系数及界面处的接触传热系数，进而得出了物料与封盖窑壁间的换热系数；结合已有研究成果，建立了回转窑的传热数学模型。计算表明，未考虑物料与窑壁间歇接触对回转窑传热过程的强化效应时，物料温度偏低；温度越高，强化效应对物料温度的影响越大；考虑物料与窑壁间歇接触对回转窑传热过程的强化效应，有利于提高回转窑煅烧熟料的质量和热效率。

关键词： 物料     封盖     传热过程     强化效应    

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Transversal tube pitch effects on local heat transfer characteristics of the flat tube bank fin mounted

Liangbi WANG, Zhimin LIN, Kangjie SUN, Yuanxin DONG, Song LIU, Yongheng ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0061-6

摘要： The tube bank fin is commonly used to increase the area of the heat transfer surface with a small heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger. If vortex generators (VGs) are punched on the fin surface, the heat transfer performance of the fin can be improved. This paper focused on the effect of transversal tube pitch on the local heat transfer performance of the three-row flat tube bank fin mounted with VGs. On the fin surface, constructing the flow channel but without mounted VGs, the transversal tube pitch was greater, and the span averaged Nusselt number downstream was larger because fewer interactions of vortices would be generated from different VGs located upstream. When the area goodness factor was used as the criteria on the condition of one tube unit of heat exchanger for commonly used fin materials and fin thickness, the transversal tube pitch has considerable effect on the heat transfer enhancement of VGs. Large transversal tube pitch is more sensitive to fin material than to fin thickness.

关键词： heat transfer enhancement     vortex generator     finned flat tube bank     heat exchanger    

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Leidenfrost drops on micro/nanostructured surfaces

Vishal TALARI, Prakhar BEHAR, Yi LU, Evan HARYADI, Dong LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 22-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0541-7

摘要： In the Leidenfrost state, the liquid drop is levitated above a hot solid surface by a vapor layer generated via evaporation from the drop. The vapor layer thermally insulates the drop from the heating surface, causing deteriorated heat transfer in a myriad of important engineering applications. Thus, it is highly desirable to suppress the Leidenfrost effect and elevate the Leidenfrost temperature. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent literature concerning the Leidenfrost drops on micro/nanostructured surfaces with an emphasis on the enhancement of the Leidenfrost temperature. The basic physical processes of the Leidenfrost effect and the key characteristics of the Leidenfrost drops were first introduced. Then, the major findings of the influence of various micro/nanoscale surface structures on the Leidenfrost temperature were presented in detail, and the underlying enhancement mechanism for each specific surface topology was also discussed. It was concluded that multiscale hierarchical surfaces hold the best promise to significantly boost the Leidenfrost temperature by combining the advantages of both micro- and nanoscale structures.

关键词： Leidenfrost drop     Leidenfrost temperature     heat transfer enhancement     micro/nanostructured surfaces    

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Tubes with coated and sintered porous surface for highly efficient heat exchangers

Hong Xu, Yulin Dai, Honghai Cao, Jinglei Liu, Li Zhang, Mingjie Xu, Jun Cao, Peng Xu, Jianshu Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 367-375 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1703-1

摘要：

Surface modification is a direct and effective way to enhance the efficiency of heat exchangers. Surface modification by forming a microporous coated layer can greatly enhance the boiling heat transfer and thus achieve a high performance. In this paper, we systematically investigate the boiling behavior on a plain surface with/without sintered microporous coatings of copper powder. The results demonstrated that the sintered surface has a better performance in nucleate boiling due to the increased nucleation sites. The superheat degree is lower and the bubble departure diameter is larger for the sintered surface than for the plain surface, so the heat can be carried away more efficiently on the sintered surface. In addition, the heat transfer capacity on the sintered surface depends on both the powder size and the coating thickness for a high flux tube. The optimum heat transfer capacity can be obtained when the thickness of the microporous coating layer is 3–5 times of the sintered powder diameter. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient tube can be up to 3 times higher for the tube with a sintered surface than that with a plain surface, showing a pronounced enhancement in heat transfer and a high potential in chemical engineering industry application.

关键词： microporous coating layer     surface modification     boiling enhancement     sintering    

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油池火中细水雾强化火焰现象的研究

陆强,李钙,廖光煊,黄鑫,朱伟

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第7期   页码 78-82

摘要：

细水雾与油池火相互作用之初往往会使燃烧剧烈，强化火焰。实验研究与理论分析表明，雾滴在可燃物表面蒸发是造成这种现象的主要原因。通过改变燃料种类、喷头雾特性参数等实验工况发现火焰强化程度主要决定于燃料的挥发性以及雾滴的直径、速度等参数。而在油盆中加水后燃料表面温度降低、火焰功率下降，火焰强化现象随着加水量的增加而逐渐弱化乃至消失，细水雾系统的灭火时间也明显缩短。

关键词： 细水雾     油池火     共沸     过压     热释放速率    

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A way to explain the thermal boundary effects on laminar convection through a square duct

Liangbi WANG, Xiaoping GAI, Kun HUANG, Yongheng ZHANG, Xiang YANG, Xiang WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0020-2

摘要： A way using the reformulation of the energy conservation equation in terms of heat flux to explain the thermal boundary effects on laminar convective heat transfer through a square duct is presented. For a laminar convection through a square duct, it explains that on the wall surface, the velocity is zero, but convection occurs for uniform wall heat flux (UWHF) boundary in the developing region due to the velocity gradient term; for uniform wall temperature (UWT) boundary, only diffusion process occurs on the wall surface because both velocity and velocity gradient do not contribute to convection; for UWHF, the largest term of the gradient of velocity components (the main flow velocity) on the wall surface takes a role in the convection of the heat flux normal to the wall surface, and this role exists in the fully developed region. Therefore, a stronger convection process occurs for UWHF than for UWT on the wall surface. The thermal boundary effects on the laminar convection inside the flow are also detailed.

关键词： convective transport     heat transfer     mass transfer     laminar flow     thermal boundary effects    

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The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1336-8

摘要：

• Emission of microbe from local environments is a main source of bioaerosols.

关键词： Bioaerosols     Diffusion     Source identification     Biogeography    

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Turbidity-adaptive underwater image enhancement method using image fusion

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0669-8

摘要： Clear, correct imaging is a prerequisite for underwater operations. In real freshwater environment including rivers and lakes, the water bodies are usually turbid and dynamic, which brings extra troubles to quality of imaging due to color deviation and suspended particulate. Most of the existing underwater imaging methods focus on relatively clear underwater environment, it is uncertain that if those methods can work well in turbid and dynamic underwater environments. In this paper, we propose a turbidity-adaptive underwater image enhancement method. To deal with attenuation and scattering of varying degree, the turbidity is detected by the histogram of images. Based on the detection result, different image enhancement strategies are designed to deal with the problem of color deviation and blurring. The proposed method is verified by an underwater image dataset captured in real underwater environment. The result is evaluated by image metrics including structure similarity index measure, underwater color image quality evaluation metric, and speeded-up robust features. Test results exhibit that the method can correct the color deviation and improve the quality of underwater images.

关键词： turbidity     underwater image enhancement     image fusion     underwater robots     visibility    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Revolutionizing heat transport enhancement with liquid metals: Proposal of a new industry of water-freeheat exchangers

Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Exergy analysis and performance enhancement of isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump

Min XU, Jun CAI, Xiulan HUAI

期刊论文

Augmentation of natural convective heat transfer by acoustic cavitation

Jun CAI, Xiulan HUAI, Shiqiang LIANG, Xunfeng LI,

期刊论文

Numerical investigation and analysis of heat transfer enhancement in channel by longitudinal vortex based

TAO Wenquan, WU Junmei

期刊论文

Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

WU Junmei, TAO Wenquan

期刊论文

Numerical investigation on side heat transfer enhancement in 300 kA aluminum reduction cell

WANG Changhong, ZHU Dongsheng, LEI Junxi, ZHOU Jiemin

期刊论文

Numerical simulation and experimental research on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics ofasymmetric plate heat exchangers

Shaozhi ZHANG, Xiao NIU, Yang LI, Guangming CHEN, Xiangguo XU

期刊论文

物料与窑壁间歇接触对回转窑传热过程的强化效应

雷先明,肖友刚

期刊论文

Transversal tube pitch effects on local heat transfer characteristics of the flat tube bank fin mounted

Liangbi WANG, Zhimin LIN, Kangjie SUN, Yuanxin DONG, Song LIU, Yongheng ZHANG,

期刊论文

Leidenfrost drops on micro/nanostructured surfaces

Vishal TALARI, Prakhar BEHAR, Yi LU, Evan HARYADI, Dong LIU

期刊论文

Tubes with coated and sintered porous surface for highly efficient heat exchangers

Hong Xu, Yulin Dai, Honghai Cao, Jinglei Liu, Li Zhang, Mingjie Xu, Jun Cao, Peng Xu, Jianshu Liu

期刊论文

油池火中细水雾强化火焰现象的研究

陆强,李钙,廖光煊,黄鑫,朱伟

期刊论文

A way to explain the thermal boundary effects on laminar convection through a square duct

Liangbi WANG, Xiaoping GAI, Kun HUANG, Yongheng ZHANG, Xiang YANG, Xiang WU

期刊论文

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

期刊论文

Turbidity-adaptive underwater image enhancement method using image fusion

期刊论文